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Catherine Winkworth
1827 - 1878 Person Name: Catherine Winkworth, 1827-1878 Author of "Lord Jesus Christ, to us attend" in Lutheran Sunday School Hymnal. 9th ed. Catherine Winkworth (b. Holborn, London, England, 1827; d. Monnetier, Savoy, France, 1878) is well known for her English translations of German hymns; her translations were polished and yet remained close to the original. Educated initially by her mother, she lived with relatives in Dresden, Germany, in 1845, where she acquired her knowledge of German and interest in German hymnody. After residing near Manchester until 1862, she moved to Clifton, near Bristol. A pioneer in promoting women's rights, Winkworth put much of her energy into the encouragement of higher education for women. She translated a large number of German hymn texts from hymnals owned by a friend, Baron Bunsen. Though often altered, these translations continue to be used in many modern hymnals. Her work was published in two series of Lyra Germanica (1855, 1858) and in The Chorale Book for England (1863), which included the appropriate German tune with each text as provided by Sterndale Bennett and Otto Goldschmidt. Winkworth also translated biographies of German Christians who promoted ministries to the poor and sick and compiled a handbook of biographies of German hymn authors, Christian Singers of Germany (1869).
Bert Polman
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Winkworth, Catherine, daughter of Henry Winkworth, of Alderley Edge, Cheshire, was born in London, Sep. 13, 1829. Most of her early life was spent in the neighbourhood of Manchester. Subsequently she removed with the family to Clifton, near Bristol. She died suddenly of heart disease, at Monnetier, in Savoy, in July, 1878. Miss Winkworth published:—
Translations from the German of the Life of Pastor Fliedner, the Founder of the Sisterhood of Protestant Deaconesses at Kaiserworth, 1861; and of the Life of Amelia Sieveking, 1863.
Her sympathy with practical efforts for the benefit of women, and with a pure devotional life, as seen in these translations, received from her the most practical illustration possible in the deep and active interest which she took in educational work in connection with the Clifton Association for the Higher Education of Women, and kindred societies there and elsewhere. Our interest, however, is mainly centred in her hymnological work as embodied in her:—
(1) Lyra Germanica, 1st Ser., 1855. (2) Lyra Germanica, 2nd Ser., 1858. (3) The Chorale Book for England (containing translations from the German, together with music), 1863; and (4) her charming biographical work, the Christian Singers of Germany, 1869.
In a sympathetic article on Miss Winkworth in the Inquirer of July 20, 1878, Dr. Martineau says:—
"The translations contained in these volumes are invariably faithful, and for the most part both terse and delicate; and an admirable art is applied to the management of complex and difficult versification. They have not quite the fire of John Wesley's versions of Moravian hymns, or the wonderful fusion and reproduction of thought which may be found in Coleridge. But if less flowing they are more conscientious than either, and attain a result as poetical as severe exactitude admits, being only a little short of ‘native music'"
Dr. Percival, then Principal of Clifton College, also wrote concerning her (in the Bristol Times and Mirror), in July, 1878:—
"She was a person of remarkable intellectual and social gifts, and very unusual attainments; but what specially distinguished her was her combination of rare ability and great knowledge with a certain tender and sympathetic refinement which constitutes the special charm of the true womanly character."
Dr. Martineau (as above) says her religious life afforded "a happy example of the piety which the Church of England discipline may implant.....The fast hold she retained of her discipleship of Christ was no example of ‘feminine simplicity,' carrying on the childish mind into maturer years, but the clear allegiance of a firm mind, familiar with the pretensions of non-Christian schools, well able to test them, and undiverted by them from her first love."
Miss Winkworth, although not the earliest of modern translators from the German into English, is certainly the foremost in rank and popularity. Her translations are the most widely used of any from that language, and have had more to do with the modern revival of the English use of German hymns than the versions of any other writer.
-- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)
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Hymn Writers of the Church
Catherine Winkworth
Wilhelm II
1598 - 1662 Person Name: William II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar Author of "Lord Jesus Christ, to us attend" in Hymns of the Evangelical Lutheran Church Wilhelm (II. or IV.), Duke of Sachse-Weimar, son of Duke Johann of Sachse-Weimar, was born in the castle of Altenburg, April 11, 1598. He studied for some time at the University of Jena, devoting himself especially to music and mathematics. On the outbreak of the Thirty Years War he espoused the cause of Friedrich V. of the Palatinate. At the battle of the Weisse Berg, near Prague, he was severely wounded, and at the battle fought near Stadtlohn, in Westphalia (Aug., 1623), he was at first left for dead, and then taken prisoner by Tilly. In 1625 the Emperor allowed him to go free, and he assumed the government of Weimar. When Gustavus Adolphus came to Germany (1630), Wilhelm did not join him till after the battle of Breitenfeld (Sept., 1631), and in July, 1635, he was one of the consenting parties to the Peace of Prague between Saxony and the Emperor, in consequence of which the Swedish troops made various inroads on his territory. When the final partition took place, in 1644, between himself and his surviving brother (Sachse-Weimar fell to Wilhelm, and Gotha to Ernst) he set himself earnestly to restore prosperity and godliness in the regions under his rule. He also found more time (especially after the peace of Westphalia, 1648), to devote to his studies in poetry and music, and to the adornment of Weimar. He died at Weimar, May 17, 1662 (Koch, iii. 110; Wetzel, iii. 426; Bode, p. 172, &c).
Wilhelm joined, in 1617, in founding the Fruitbearing Society, the great German Literary and Patriotic Union of the 17th century; and, after the death (1650) of Ludwig, Prince of Anhalt-Cöthen, became its head. Weimar thus became the centre of its operations, in the direction of which the Duke was assisted by Georg Neumark. Neumark, in his Palmbaum, 1680, p. 449, speaks of the Duke as having "composed several hymns, as well-known in this place, especially the short Hymn of Peace ‘Gott der Friede hat gegeben.'"
Besides this hymn on Peace only one other is known as Wilhelm's, viz.:—
Herr Jesu Christ, dich zu uns wend . Public Worship. This was included as No. 124 in the 2nd edition, 1651, of pt. i. of the Cantionale Sacrum, Gotha (1st ed. 1646), in 4 stanzas of 4 lines, entitled "To be sung before the Sermon." As no author's name is there given, and as it did not appear in any of the three parts of the original edition of 1646-48, the Duke's authorship is decidedly doubtful. So far as yet traced the Duke's name was not attached to it until in the Altdorf Liederfreud of 1676 (Fischer's Supplement, p. 71). In J. Niedling's Handbüchlein, 4th ed., 1655, p. 746, it appears without author's name (Niedling, be it observed, was living at Altenburg), and entitled "A heartfelt petition of pious Christians for grace and the help of the Holy Spirit, during Divine Service, before the Sermon." Koch says it was in the first edition, 1638, of Niedling, but this appears to be merely a guess, for the earliest edition of Niedling which he describes at iii., 109, is that of 1655; and if it were in Niedling's 1638 ed., this circumstance would make the Duke's authorship still more unlikely. Whoever the author was the hymn soon became justly popular, and in 1678 was formally directed to be sung in all the churches in Saxony on all Sundays and festivals. It is a simple and forcible hymn, which survived the Rationalistic period, and is found in all recent German hymn-books, e.g. in the Berlin Geistliche Lieder, ed. 1863, No. 356. Translated as:—
1. Lord Christ, reveal Thy holy Face. In full by J. C. Jacobi, in his Psalter Germanica, 1722, p. 42 (1732, p. 69). Repeated as No. 322 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754 (1886, No. 724), and as No. 54 in J. F. Thrupp's Psalms & Hymns, 1853.
2. Lord Jesu, to our prayer attend. This is a good and full translation by A. T. Russell, as No. 12 in his Psalms & Hymns, 1851.
3. Lord Jesus Christ, be present now! This is a good and full translation by Miss Winkworth, as No. 13 in her Chorale Book for England, 1863; repeated in the Pennsylvania Lutheran Church Book, 1868, No. 49.
4. Christ Jesus Lord, to us attend. In full by L. Heyl, as No. 3 in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal, 1880.
Other translations are:—
(1) "Lord Jesus, turn to us, and down," by Dr. G. Walker, 1860, p. 48. (2) "Lord Jesus Christ, in mercy bend," by Miss Manington, 1863, p. 19. (3) "Lord Jesus Christ, now towards us bend," by N. L. Frothingham, 1870, p. 221. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.]
-- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)
Wilhelm II
Louis Heyl
Translator of "Lord Jesus Christ, to us attend" Heyl, Louis, several of whose translations from the German are in the Evangelical Lutheran Hymnal, Columbus, Ohio, 1880, is a Custom House officer in Philadelphia.
--John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907)
Louis Heyl
