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George Whitefield

1714 - 1770 Person Name: G. Whitefield Hymnal Number: a187a Alterer of "Hark! the herald angels sing" in In Excelsis

1579 - 1659 Person Name: F. Rous Hymnal Number: a541 Author of "The Lord's my Shepherd, I'll not want" in In Excelsis Rous, Francis (Rouse), was born at Halton, Cornwall, in 1579, and educated at Oxford. He adopted the legal profession, and way M.P. for Truro during the reigns of James and of Charles I. He also represented Truro in the Long Parliament, and took part against the King and the Bishops. He was appointed a member of the Westminster Assembly; of the High Commission; and of the Triers for examining and licensing candidates for the ministry. He also held other appointments under Cromwell, including that of Provost of Eton College. He died at Acton, Jan. 7, 1659, and was buried in the Chapel of Eton College. Wood, in his Athenae Oxmienses, gives a list of his numerous works. --Excerpts from John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907) ==================== Rous, Francis, pp. 918, ii.; 927, ii.; 979, i., 1023, i. The.history of the Rous version of the Psalms is still rather obscure. At p. 918, ii., it is said to have been first published 1641, and reprinted with "further changes" in 1643. The present writer has been allowed to compare the— Booke of Psalmes in English Meeter. Printed for Henry Tutill, Bookseller at Rotterdam, 1638, with the Psalmes of David in English Meeter, set forth by Francis Rous . . . London, Printed by James Young, for Philip Nevill, at the signe of the Gun in Ivie-lane, 1643. The preface is the same in both, and a careful collation of a considerable number of the versions showed no variations except in spelling, the only variation observed being that the ed. of 1643 adds, after Ps. 150, a supplement of— Psalmes of harder and lesse usuall Tunes corrected, and the Tunes not altered; with versions of Pss. 51, 111, 112, 113, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 130, and 148. The Psalter of 1647, said to be in the B. M. by Mr. Glass, p. 85 (see p. 926, ii.), is not by Rous, but is a reprint of the Bay Psalm Book noted by Glass at p. 82. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, New Supplement (1907)

Thomas Shepherd

1665 - 1739 Person Name: T. Shepherd Hymnal Number: a558 Author of "Must Jesus bear the cross alone" in In Excelsis Shepherd, Thomas, son of William Shepherd, sometime Vicar of Tilbrook, Bedfordshire, and subsequently a Nonconformist Minister at Oundle, and at Kettering, was born in 1665. Taking Holy Orders he held for some time preferment in Huntingdonshire, and in Buckinghamshire. Seceding from the Church of England, he became, in 1694, pastor of the Castle Hill Meeting House (Independent), Nottingham, of which Dr. Doddridge was subsequently pastor. In 1700 he removed to Bocking, near Braintree, Essex, where he began his work in a barn. A chapel was erected for his congregation in 1707. He died Jan. 29, 1739. His publications consisted chiefly of Sermons, His Penitential Cries were a continuance of those by John Mason, who wrote the first six and the version of Ps. 86, and were published with Mason's Songs of Praise in 1693. It must be noted that in D. Sedgwick's reprint of the Songs, and the Penitential Cries, in 1859, Mason's Cries are under the head of Songs, &c, pp. 49-61, and those under Penitential Cries, are all by Shepherd. Some of these Cries are still in common use including, "My God, my God, my Light, my Love " (Longing for God) ; and "When wilt Thou come unto me, Lord" (Communion with God desired). -- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

John Leland

1754 - 1841 Person Name: J. Leland Hymnal Number: a111 Author of "The day is past and gone" in In Excelsis Leland, John, an American Baptist minister, was born at Grafton, Massachusetts, on May 15th, 1754, and began to preach at the age of 20. From 1776 to 1790 he was in Virginia, and thereafter in Massachusetts, mostly at Cheshire. He died Jan. 14, 1841. His Sermons, Addresses, Essays and Autobiography were published by his niece, Miss L. F. Greene, at Lanesboro, Massachusetts, in 1845. His influence seems to have been equalled by his peculiarities. We hear of his "restless activity and roving disposition"; his "mad devotion to politics," wherein he had much local and temporary weight; his "ready wit and endless eccentricities;" as also of his high character. Of the hymns which have been ascribed to him, some on doubtful authority, the following are the most important:— 1. The day is past and gone, The evening, &c. Evening. This is in universal American use, and Leland's claim to the authorship has never been disputed, although it is supported by no known particulars. It was first made widely known by the invaluable Hartford Selection (Congregational) of 1799. Its first appearance, so far as known, was in Philomela, or, A Selection of Spiritual Songs, by George Roberts, Petersburg,1792, No. 82. 2. 0 when shall I see Jesus! The Christian Race. This vigorous lyric is ascribed by Dr. Hitchcock, in Hymns and Songs of Praise, 1874, to Leland. It has generally been regarded as anonymous, and is of uncertain date, cir. 1807, or probably earlier. 3. Christians, if your hearts are warm. Holy Baptism. Adult. The only hymn by Leland which can be authenticated by date and circumstances is this familiar doggerel:— "Christians, if your hearts are warm, Ice and snow can do no harm." Dr. Belcher says, in his Historical Sketches of Hymns, &c, 1859, that it was written for one of Leland's large baptisms in Virginia, 1779. [Rev. Frank M. Bird, M.A.] -- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Georg Weissel

1590 - 1635 Person Name: G. Wiessel Hymnal Number: a432 Author of "Lift up your heads, ye mighty gates!" in In Excelsis Weissel, Georg, son of Johann Weissel, judge and afterwards burgomaster at Doranau, near Königsberg, was born at Domnau in 1590. He studied at the University of Königsberg, from 1608 to 1611, and thereafter, for short periods, at Wittenberg, Leipzig, Jena, Strassburg, Basel and Marburg In 1614 he was appointed rector of the school at Friedland near Domnau, but resigned this post after three years, and returned to Königsberg to resume his studies in theology. Finally, in 1623, he became pastor of the newly erected Altrossgart church at Königsberg, where he remained till his death, on August 1, 1635. Weissel was one of the most important of the earlier hymn-writers of Prussia. His hymns, about 20 in all, are good in style, moderate in length, and varied in metre. The earliest seem to have been written for use at the consecration of the Altrossgart church on the 2nd Sunday in Advent, 1623. The majority are for the greater festivals of the Christian year. The best are No. ii. below, and those for the dying. They appeared mostly in the Königsberg hymn-books, 1639-1650, and in the Preussische Fest-Lieder, pt. i., Elbing, 1642; pt. ii., Königsberg, 1644 [Berlin Library]. Those of Weissel's hymns which have passed into English are:— i. Im finstern Stall, o W under gross. Christmas. First published in B. Derschau's Ausserlesene geistliche Lieder, Königsberg, 1639, p. 7, in 5 stanzas of 5 lines In the Preussische Fest-Lieder, pt. i., 1642, No. 14, it is entitled "On the Birth of Christ, Lux in tenebris lucet.” The translation in common use is:— 0 miracle of love and might This is a somewhat free translation, omitting stanza v., by Dr. Kennedy, as No. 104 in his Hymnologia Christiana, 1863. ii. Macht hoch die Thür, das Thor macht weit. Advent. This is a Hymn of Triumph for the Entry of the King of Glory, founded on Ps. xxiv.; and is one of the finest German Advent hymns. First published in the Preussische Fest-Lieder, pt. i., 1642, No. 2, in 5 stanzas of 8 lines, marked as "On the 1st Sunday of Advent." The translations in common use are:— 1. Lift up your heads, ye mighty gates. This is a good and full translation by Miss Winkworth, in herLyra Germanica, 1st Ser., 1855, p. 10, and her Chorale Book for England, 1863, No. 25. In the Congregational Church Hymnal, 1887, the Evangelical Hymnal, N. Y., 1880, and others, the original form is followed. Other forms are:— (1) Behold One cometh from afar (i. alt.). This (partly from Mercer) is in the Supplement to the New Congregational Hymn Book, and the 1874 Appendix. to the Leeds Hymn Book. (2) Behold He cometh from afar. In J. L. Porter's Collection, 1876, altered from No. l. (3) Oh! hallowed is the land and blest (iii. lines 1, alt.). In the American Sabbath Hymn Book, 1858, &c. (4) 0 blest the souls, for ever blest (iii. lines1, alt.). In Hymns of the Spirit, Boston, U.S., 1864. (5) Fling wide the portals of your heart (iv.). In the American Unitarian Hymn Book, 1868. 2. The mighty gates of earth unbar. This is by W. Mercer, based on Miss Winkworth's translation, in his Church Psalm & Hymn Book, 1857, No. 14 (Ox. ed., 1864, No. 71), repeated in Kennedy, 1863. Another translation is: "Lift up, lift up your heads, ye gates," by G. Moultrie, in his Espousals of St. Dorothea, 1870. iii. Wo ist dein Stachel nun, o Tod? Easter. Founded on 1 Cor. xv., 55-58. First published as No. 3 in pt. ii., 1644, of the Preussische Fest-Lieder, in 5 stanzas of 8 lines, entitled "For the Easter festival." Thence in the Königsberg Gesang-Buch, 1650, p. 193, and others. The form which has passed into English is that in the Hannover Gesang-Buch, 1657, No. 74, in 10 stanzas. This, beginning "O Tod, wo ist dein Stachel nun," is entirely rewritten, probably by Justus Gesenius. Translated as:— O Death! where is thy cruel sting? This is a full and good version of the 1657 text, as No. 80 in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal, 1880, marked as a compilation. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] -- Excerpts from John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Adam, de Saint-Victor

1100 - 1146 Person Name: Adam of Saint Victor Hymnal Number: a370 Author of "Come, pure hearts, in sweetest measures" in In Excelsis Adam of St. Victor. Of the life of this, the most prominent and prolific of the Latin hymnists of the Middle Ages, very little is known. It is even uncertain whether he was an Englishman or a Frenchman by birth. He is described by the writers nearest to his own epoch, as Brito, which may indicate a native of either Britain, or Brittany. All that is certainly known concerning him is, that about A.D. 1130, after having been educated at Paris, he became, as quite a young man, a monk in the Abbey of St. Victor, then in the suburbs, but afterwards through the growth of that city, included within the walls of Paris itself. In this abbey, which, especially at that period, was celebrated as a school of theology, he passed the whole of the rest of his life, and in it he died, somewhere between the years 1172 and 1192 A.D. Possessed of "the pen of a ready writer," he seems to have occupied his life in study and authorship. Numerous as are the hymns and sequences satisfactorily proved to have been written by him, which have come down to us, there would seem to be little doubt that many more may have perished altogether, or are extant 'without his name attaching to them; while he was probably the author of several prose works as well. His Sequences remained in MS. in the care and custody of the monks of their author's Abbey, until the dissolution of that religious foundation at the Revolution; but some 37 of them, having found their way by degrees into more general circulation, were pub. by Clichtoveus, a Roman Catholic theologian of the first half of the 16th cent, in his Elucidatorium Ecclesiasticum, which passed through several editions from 1516 to 1556, at Paris, Basel and Geneva. Of the rest of the 106 Hymns and Sequences that we possess of Adam's, the largest part—some 47 remaining unpublished—were removed to the National Library in the Louvre at Paris, on the destruction of the Abbey. There they were discovered by M. Leon Gautier, the editor of the first complete edition of them, Paris, 1858. The subjects treated of in Adam's Hymns and Sequences may be divided thus :— Christmas, 7; Circumcision, 1; Easter, 6; Ascension, 1; Pentecost, 5; Trinity, 2; the Dedication of a Church, 4; Blessed Virgin Mary, 17; Festivals of Saints, 53; The Invention of the Cross, 1; The Exaltation of the Cross, 1; On the Apostles, 3; Evangelists, 2; Transfiguration, 2. Although all Adam of St. Victor's Sequences were evidently written for use in the services of his church, and were, doubtless, so used in his own Abbey, it is quite uncertain how many, if any, of them were used generally in the Latin Church. To the lover of Latin hymns the works of this author should not be unknown, and probably are not; but they are far less generally known than the writings should be of one whom such an authority as Archbishop Trench describes as " the foremost among the sacred Latin poets of the Middle Ages." His principal merits may be described as comprising terseness and felicity of expression; deep and accurate knowledge of Scripture, especially its typology; smoothness of versification; richness of rhyme, accumulating gradually as he nears the conclusion of a Sequence; and a spirit of devotion breathing throughout his work, that assures the reader that his work is "a labour of love." An occasional excess of alliteration, which however at other times he uses with great effect, and a disposition to overmuch "playing upon words," amounting sometimes to "punning," together with a delight in heaping up types one upon another, till, at times, he succeeds in obscuring his meaning, are the chief defects to be set against the many merits of his style. Amongst the most beautiful of his productions may be mentioned, perhaps, his Jucundare plebs fidelis; Verbi vere substantivi; Potestate non natura; Stola regni laureatus; Heri mundus exultavit; LaudeB cruets attollamus (Neale considers this "perhaps, his masterpiece "); Aye, Virgo singularis; Salve, Mater Salvatoris; Animemur ad agonem; and Vox sonora nostri chori. Where almost all are beautiful, it is difficult, and almost invidious, to make a selection. Of his Hymns and Sequences the following editions, extracts, and translations have been published:— i. Original with Translations: (1) (Euvres Poetiques d’ Adam de S.-Victor. Pat L. Gautier, Paris, 1858. It is in two vols. duodecimo, and contains, besides a memoir of Adam of St. Victor, and an exhaustive essay upon his writings, a 15th cent. tr. into French of some 46 of the sequences, and full notes upon the whole series of them. (2) The Liturgical Poetry of Adam of St. Victor, from the text of Gautier, with trs. into English in the original metres, and short explanatory notes by Digby S. Wrangham, M.A., St. John's Coll., Oxford, Vicar of Darrington, Yorkshire, 3 vols. Lond., Kegan Paul, 1881. (3) In addition to these complete eds., numerous specimens from the originals are found in Daniel, Mone, Konigsfeld, Trench, Loftie's Latin Year, Dom. Gueranger's Annee Liturgique, &c. ii. Translations:— (1) As stated before, 46 of the Sequences are given by Gautier in a French tr. of the 15th cent. (2) In English we have translations of the whole series by Digby S. Wrangham in his work as above; 11 by Dr. Neale in Med. Hymns: 15, more freely, by D. T. Morgan in his Hymns and other Poetry of the Latin Church; and one or more by Mrs. Charles, Mrs. Chester, C. S. Calverley, and the Revs. C. B. Pearson, E. A. Dayman, E. Caswall, R. F. Littledale, and Dean Plumptre. Prose translation are also given in the Rev. Dom Laurence Shepherd's translation into English of Dom Gueranger's works. iii. English Use:— From the general character of their metrical construction, it has not been possible to any great extent to utilise these very beautiful compositions in the services of the Anglican Church. The following, however, are from Adam of St. Victor, and are fully annotated in this work:— (1) in Hynms Ancient & Modern, Nos. 64 and 434 (partly) ; (2) in the Hymnary, Nos. 270, 273, 324, 380, 382, 403, 418; (3) in the People's Hymnal 215, 277, 304 ; and (4) in Skinner's Daily Service Hymnal, 236. -John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907) ==================== Adam of St. Victor. A second and greatly improved edition of his Œuvres Poetiques by L. Gautier was published at Paris in 1881. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907)

George Hunt Smyttan

1822 - 1870 Person Name: G. H. Smyttan Hymnal Number: a265 Author of "Forty days and forty nights" in In Excelsis George Hunt Smyttan studied at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and graduated B.A. 1845. He was ordained Deacon in 1848, Priest in 1849, and appointed Rector of Hawksworth in 1850. He has published some small volumes of poetry. --Annotations of the Hymnal, Charles Hutchins, M.A., 1872 ============================== Smyttan, George Hunt, B.A., son of Dr. Smyttan, of the Bombay Medical Board, was born circa 1825, and educated at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, B.A. 1845. He took holy orders in 1848, and in 1850 was preferred to the Rectory of Hawksworth, Notts, where he died in 1870. He published Thoughts in Verse for the Afflicted, 1849; Mission Songs and Ballads, 1860; and Florum Sacra, n.d. He was the author of the well-known hymn, "Forty days, and forty nights" (p. 384, i.), and of a second which is found in several collections, "Jesu, ever present with Thy Church below" (Holy Communion), which appeared in the 2nd edition of Lyra Eucharistica, 1864. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907) ======================== Smyttan, G. H., p. 1064, ii., b. in 1822; resigned the Rectory of Hawksworth, 1859, and died suddenly at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Feb. 21, 1870. The Rev. G. W. Mackenzie, Chaplain at Frankfort, has supplied us, under date of April 16, 1902, with the following pathetic details respecting the death and burial-place of Mr. Smyttan:— He was buried, not in Frankfort great Cemetery, but in a newer one on the other side of the river Main. Having died suddenly, and being entirely unknown here, no relatives being with him, and there being no possibility of communicating with them, he was entered simply as Smyttan, England, and buried amongst the poor in an unpurchased grave. I stood before the spot to-day, but all record of him has disappeared. Another cross covers it to the memory of one who died about twenty-five years afterwards, and who is buried above Mr. Smyttan. I was informed that in (I think) sixty years hence, all traces of the various occupants will be entirely cleared away. My informant knew nothing about the cross, if any, which covered Mr. Smyttan's remains. He thought that if there were one it would have been utilised for someone else." We may add that in Lyra Eucharistica there are three hymns by Smyttan in addition to "Jesu, ever present," p. 1064, ii. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, New Supplement (1907)

George Keith

1638 - 1716 Person Name: G. Keith (?) Hymnal Number: a612 Author of "How firm a foundation, ye saints of the Lord" in In Excelsis George Keith, according to D. Sedgwick, was the author of "How firm a foundation, ye saints of the Lord." Little is known about Keith, save that he was a publisher, a son-in-law of Dr. Gill, and the composer of several hymns. --Annotations of the Hymnal, Charles Hutchins, M.A. 1872.

Henry Collins

1827 - 1919 Person Name: H. Collins Hymnal Number: a283 Author of "Jesus, meek and lowly" in In Excelsis Collins, Henry, M.A., educated at Oxford, where he graduated about 1854. He was ordained to the Ministry of the Church of England, but in Nov., 1857, he entered the Roman communion, becoming a member of the Cistercian Order in 1860. Author of Life of the Rev. Father Gentili, &c, 1861; The Spirit and Mission of the Cistercian Order , &c. His hymns were published by him before leaving the Church of England, in his Hymns for Missions , 1854, first published at Leeds, and then by Shrimpton of Oxford, and Masters of London. It contains 37 hymns, of which two only were by him:—"Jesu, meek and lowly" (Passiontide), and "Jesu, my Lord, my God, my all." (Love of Jesus desired) These hymns are in extensive use. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Harriet Auber

1773 - 1862 Person Name: H. Auber Hymnal Number: a107 Author of "Vainly thro' night's weary hours" in In Excelsis Auber, Harriet, daughter of Mr. James Auber, b. in London, Oct. 4, 1773. During the greater part of her quiet and secluded life she resided at Broxbourne and Hoddesdon, Herts, and died at the latter place on the 20th Jan., 1862. Miss Auber wrote devotional and other poetry, but only a portion of the former was published in her Spirit of the Psalms, in 1829. This collection is mainly her work, and from it some useful versions of the Psalms have been taken and included in modern hymn-books, about 20 appearing in Spurgeon's Our Own Hymn Book, 1866. Miss Auber's name is widely known, but it is principally through her exquisite lyric, "Our blest Redeemer, ere He breathed," and the Epiphany hymn, "Bright was the guiding star that led." (For criticism of her work, see English Psalters, §. 17.) In addition to these and other hymns by Miss Auber, which are annotated under their respective first lines, the following are also in C. V., but principally in America:— 1. Arise, ye people, and adore. Easter. 2. As Thy chosen people, Lord. Ps. lxciii. 3. Can guilty man indeed believe? Ps. xciv. 4. Delightful is the task to sing. Ps. cxlvii. 5. Father of Spirits, Nature's God. Ps. cxxxi. 6. Hail, gracious Source of every good. Ps. Ixv. 7. Hasten, Lord, the glorious time. Ps. lxxii. 8. Jehovah reigns, O earth, rejoice. Ps. xccii. 9. Join, all ye servants of the Lord. H. Scriptures. 10. Jesus, Lord, to Thee we sing. Ps. cx. 11. O all ye lands, rejoice in God. Ps. lxvi. 12. O God our Strength, to Thee the song. Ps. lIxxxi. 13. O praise our great and gracious Lord. Ps. lxxviii. 14. On thy church, O power divine. Ps. lxvii. 15. Sweet is the work, O Lord. Sunday. 16. That Thou, O Lord, art ever nigh. Ps. lxxv. 17. The Lord, Who hath redeemed our souls. Ps. xxxi. 18. When all bespeaks a Father's love. Ps. set. 19. When dangers press and fears invade. Ps. lxii. 20. Who, O Lord, when life is o'er. Ps. xv. 21. Whom have we Lord, in heaven, but Thee. Ps. lxxiii. 22. Wide, ye heavenly gates, unfold. Ascension. 23. With hearts in love abounding. Ps. xlv. 24. With joy we hail the sacred day. Sunday. 25. Vainly through the night the ranger. Ps. cxvii. All these psalm-versions and hymns are from her Spirit of the Psalms, London, 1829. - John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907) ========================= Auber, Harriet, p. 90, ii. The following versions of psalms from her Spirit of the Psalms, 1829, are also in common use:- 1. Great God, wert Thou extreme to mark. Ps. cxxx. "Thy servants in the temple watched," begins with stanza ii. of this. 2. How blest are they who daily prove. Ps. xli. 3. How blest the children of the Lord. Altered from Ps. cxii. 4. Jehovah, great and awful name. Part of Ps. Ixxviii. 5. 0 Thou Whom heaven's bright host revere. Ps. Ixxxiv. 6. Praise the Lord, our mighty King. Ps. cxxxv. 7. Spirit of peace, Who as a [celestial] Dove. Ps. cxxxiii. 8. Thou by Whose strength the mountains stand. Ps. Ixv. 9. To heaven our longing eyes we raise. Ps. cxxi. 10. Vainly through night's weary hours. Ps. cxxvii. Sometimes "Vainly through the night the ranger." 11. While all the golden harps above. Easter. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907) See also in:Hymn Writers of the Church