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Johann Wilhelm Kellner von Zinnendorf

1665 - 1738 Person Name: J. W. Kellner von Zinnendorf Hymnal Number: 313 Author of "Christe, mein Leben im Glauben, im Hoffen und Wallen!" in Evangelisches Gesangbuch

Lazarus Spengler

1479 - 1534 Person Name: L. Spengler Hymnal Number: 38 Author of "Durch Adams Fall ist ganz verderbt" in Evangelisches Gesangbuch Spengler, Lazarus, was the 9th of the 21 children of Georg Spengler and Agnes his wife, and was born March 13,1479, at Nürnberg, where his father was clerk of the Imperial court of Justice (Landgerichtschreiber). He entered the University of Leipzig in 1494; but on the death of his father on Dec. 27, 1496, he returned to Nürnberg, obtained a position in the town clerk's office, in 1507 became himself town clerk (Raths Syndikus), and in 1516 also Rathsherr. When Luther was passing through Nürnberg, in 1518, on his way to Augsburg, Spengler made his acquaintance. He warmly espoused the Reformation doctrines, published in 1519 his Schutzre in Luther's favour, and himself became one of the leaders in the Reformation work at Nürnberg. He was one of those condemned by name in the Bull of Excommunication launched by Pope Leo the Tenth, on June 15, 1520, against Luther and his friends. Dr. Eck sent the Bull to the Town Council of Nürnberg, and urged them to proceed against Spengler, but they ignored it, and then sent him as one of their representatives to the Diet of Worms, in April 1521. In 1525 Spengler went to Wittenberg to consult with Luther and Melanchthon as to turning the Benedictine Aegidienstift (Schottenkloster) into an Evangelical Gymnasium, and this was opened as such by Melanchthon on May 23, 1526. Spengler was also the prime mover to the Visitation of 1528, and upheld strict Lutheranism in the negotiations at the Diet of Augsburg in 1530. He died at Nürnberg, Sept. 7, 1534 (Koch, i, 308 ; Will's Nürnbergisches Gelehrten-Lexikon, iii., p. 731; Herzog's Real-Encyklopädie, xiv., 516). Spengler was a trusty friend and valued counsellor of Luther and the principal Reformers of Germany. He also interested himself in the improvement of the church services, and in 1532 was able to have an authorised Liturgy (Kirchenordnung) printed. He wrote a considerable quantity of verse, sacred and secular ; but only two hymns are ascribed to him. The one is an indifferent version of Ps. cxxvii., beginning "Vergebens ist all Müh und Kost." The other is:— Durch Adams Fall ist ganz verderbt. Fall and Redemption. First published in the Geystliche Gesangk Buchleyn, Wittenberg, 1524, and thence in Wackernagel, iii. p. 48, in 9 stanzas of 10 lines…During the Reformation period it attained a wide popularity as a didactic and confessional hymn of the Evangelical faith. It is one of the most characteristic hymns of the time, conceived in the spirit of deep and earnest piety, eminently Scriptural, and setting forth the Reformation teachings in concise and antithetical form, but is however too much like a system of theology in rhyme. The translations are:—- 1. "By Adam's fall was so forlorne." By Bishop Coverdale, 1539, reprinted in his Remains, 1846, p. 556. 2. "When Adam fell our total Frame." By J. C. Jacobi in his Psalmodia Germanica, pt. ii., 1725, p. 17. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --Excerpts from John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Ernst Lange

1650 - 1727 Hymnal Number: 323 Author of "Unter jenen großen Gütern" in Evangelisches Gesangbuch Lange, Ernst, was born at Danzig, Jan. 3, 1650, where his father, Matthias Lange, was in the service of the Senate. He was for some time secretary in Danzig, and thereafter in Warsaw. In 1691 he was appointed judge in the Altstadt of Danzig, and in 1694 senator. He died at Danzig, Aug. 20, 1727 (Bode, p. 103; Allegemeine Deutsche Biographie, xvii. 623, &c). After a visit to the Netherlands in 1698, Lange allied himself with the Mennonites and Pietists in Danzig, and came into conflict with the Lutheran clergy. His hymns were mostly written about the time when the pestilence visited Danzig, in 1710, and principally appeared in his LXI. Gott geheiligte Stunden, without place or date of publication., but probably at Danzig, 1711 (Preface dated "Danzig, Feb. 12, 1711"). The idea of this work was as a thankoffering for preservation during this trying time; and it embraced 61 hymns, viz., one for each year of his life. A number of additional hymns seem to have been contributed in manuscripts to Freylinghausen's Neues geistreiches Gesang-Buch, 1714. Lange's hymns which have passed into English are:— i. Im Abend blinkt der Morgenstern. Epiphany, 1711, as above, p. 4, in 19 stanzas of 4 lines, entitled, "The Saviour Who appeared at Bethlehem to the Wise men from the East, set forth; from Matt. ii. 1-12." A new stanza was added as xx. (probably from his MS.), when the hymn was included by Freylinghausen, 1714, No. 59. Repeated, abridged, in Knapp's Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz, 1837, No. 435 (1865, No. 414). The translation in common use is:— The wondering sages trace from far. A translation of stanzas i., ii., xx., by Miss Cox, in her Sacred Hymns from the German, 1841, p. 23 (1864, p. 43). Repeated in Hedge & Huntington's American Hymns for the Church of Christ, Boston, 1853; Schaff's Christ in Song, 1869 and 1870, &c. Another translation is: "At eve appears the Morning Star," by Lady E. Fortescue, 1843, p. 5. ii. 0 Gott, du Tiefe sonder Grund. God's Majesty, First printed as No. 140, in Freylingkausen, 1714> in 10 stanzas of 141.; repeated in the Berlin Geistliche Lieder, ed. 1863. F. Schleiermacher called it "A masterpiece of sacred poetry." The translation in common use is :— 0 God, Thou bottomless abyss. A spirited tr., omitting stanzas vi., ix., and in 8 stanzas of 12 lines, by J. Wesley, in his Collection of Psalms & Hymns, Charlestown, 1737, No. 16, and the Wesley Hymns and Sacred Poems, 1739 (Poetical Works, 1868-72, vol. i. p. 143). The lines— "Thy wakened wrath doth slowly move, Thy willing mercy flies apace" are adapted from the New Version of Ps. ciii. 8. The hymn passed into the Wesleyan Hymn Book, 1780, in two parts, Nos. 231 and 232 (ed. 1875, Nos. 240, 241). In other hymn-books it has appeared in a variety of centos. As these are all from the text of the Wesleyan Hymn Book, more or less altered and transposed, it will suffice to give their first lines with references to the text of 1780. These centos include:— (1) While Thee, Unsearchable, I set (i., line 9 alt.). Martineau's Hymns, 1840. (2) Unchangeable, all-perfect Lord (ii., line 9). Longfellow & Johnson's Book of Hymns, Boston, U.S., 1848. (3) Thy parent-hand, Thy forming skill (iii). American Methodist Episcopal South Collection, 1847. (4) Thou, true and only God, lead'st forth (v.). Wesleyan Hymn Book, 1780, No. 232. (5) Thine, Lord, is Wisdom, Thine alone. Wesleyan Hymn Book (vi.). Scottish Evangelical Union Hymn, 1856. (6) Parent of good! Thy bounteous hand (vii.). Martineau's Hymns, 1840. (7) Parent of good! Thy genial ray (vii. alt.). Dr. Thomas's Augustine Hymn Book, 1866. These details show the extensive use of this hymn in English-speaking countries. Another translation is, "O God, Thou bottomless Abyss! How shall I competently know Thee," as No. 673 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754. In the edition 1886, No. 174, it begins, "O God, Thou fathomless abyss." iii. Unter denen grossen Gütern. Brotherly Love, or, Quinquagesima. A fine paraphrase of 1 Cor. xiii. First published 1711, as above, p. 37, in 5 stanzas of 10 1., entitled, "The preeminence of Love. From 1 Cor. xiii. 1, 2, 3, 13." When included as No. 423, in Freylinghausen, 1714, a new stanza was added as stanza vi., and this form is No. 798 in the Univerfälschter Liedersegen, 1851. Translated as:— Many a gift did Christ impart. A full and good translation by Miss Winkworth, in her Lyra Germanica, 1855, p. 50; repeated, abridged, in Kennedy, 1863. In the American Unitarian Hymns of the Spirit, Boston, 1864, and in the Laudes Domini, N. Y. 1884, &c., it begins with the translation of stanza ii., line 5, "Though I speak with angel tongues." [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Hans Sachs

1494 - 1576 Hymnal Number: 341 Author of "Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz" in Evangelisches Gesangbuch Sachs, Hans, the famous German poet and shoemaker, was born at Nürnberg, Nov. 5, 1494; settled there in 1516 after his journeyman wanderings, and d. there on the evening of Jan. 19,1576 (see full notices in K. Goedeke's Grundriss, vol. ii., 1886, pp. 408-437; Allg. Deutsche Biographie, xxx., 115, &c). His poetical works were collected at Nürnberg in 3 vols., folio, 1558-61 (vol. 4, 1578; vol. 5, 1579); and a complete ed. of his works is now being published by the Literary Union of Stuttgart, of which vol. xvii. appeared in 1888. His pre-Reformation hymns are given by Wackernagel, ii., Nos. 1403-1410 ; and his post-Reformation hymns by Wackernagel, iii., Nos. 83-106. Two of his hymns (Wackernagel, iii., Nos. 83, 97) have been translated by Bp. Coverdale, 1539 (see p. 442, ii., Nos. 16, 27); and two others (Wackernagel, iii., Nos. 86, 82) by Miss Winkworth, 1869, pp. 131,134. See also p. 1234, i., and p. 1543, ii. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907)

Johann Hess

1490 - 1547 Person Name: Joh. Hesse Hymnal Number: 477 Author of "O Mensch! bedenk zu dieser Frist" in Evangelisches Gesangbuch Hesse, Johann, D.D., son. of Johann von Hesse, a merchant of Nürnberg, was born at Nürnberg, Sept. 21 or 23, 1490. He attended the Universities of Leipzig (1506), Wittenberg, where he graduated M.A., 1511, and heard lectures froin Luther and Johann v. Staupitz; Bologna and Ferrara (D.D. at Ferrara, 1519). During his residence in Italy he gained an insight into the corruptions of the Church in that country, and on his return home in 1520 he sided more and more with the party of Reform. He had been appointed Canon of Neisse in Silesia in 1515, and was in 1520 ordained priest at Breslau. He acted for some time as a Provost of the Church of St. Mary and St. George, at Oels, and was then summoned to Breslau, in 1521, to preach as a Canon of the Cathedral. He did not at first declare himself openly for the Reformation; but on a visit to Nurnberg in the spring of 1523, preached a sermon in St. Sebald's Church, in which he proclaimed himself on the side of the Reformers. On this he was invited by 'the magistrates of Breslau to become Evangelical pastor of St. Mary Magdalene's Church there; and in spite of the opposition of the Pope and of King Sigismund of Poland, he was formally installed, Oct. 21, 1523, as the first Evangelical pastor elected by the people in Silesia. He died at Breslau, Jan. 6, 1547. (Koch, i. 360-367; Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, xii. 283-284, &c.) Two hymns have been ascribed to Hesse, one of which has passed into English, viz.:— O Welt, ich muss dich lassen. For the Dying. Wackernagel, iii. p. 952, gives this in 10 stanzas of 6 lines from a broadsheet printed at Nürnberg, c. 1555, and from a Nürnberg Gesangbuch of 1569. It is also in the Unverfälschter Liedersegen, 1851, No. 839. Lauxmann, in Koch, viii. 589, says that according to tradition it was written as a dying song for criminals on their way to execution, in whose welfare Hesse had begun to interest himself as early as 1526. In Jeremias Weber's Gesangbuch, Leipzig, 1638, p. 110, it is entitled, "A funeral hymn for a person who on account of his misdeeds is lawfully and justly brought from life to death, whose departure is publicly shown that every¬one may take it to heart." Its popularity was greatly aided by the beautiful melody to which it is set. This is given in its original form by Miss Winkworth, and in Hymns Ancient & Modern (No. 86) is called Innspruck. It appears in G. Forster's Ausszug guter alter und newer Teutscher liedlein, Nürnberg, 1539, in a four-part setting by Heinrich Isaak (b. c. 1440, Capellmeister to the Emperor Maximilian I.) to the words of the travelling artisan's song " Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen." This hymn is translated as:— 0 world, I now must leave thee, a good translation of stanzas i., iv.-viii., by Miss Winkworth, as No. 189 in her Chorale Book for England, 1863, repeated, omitting st. vi., in the Ohio Luth. Hymnal, 1880. Another translation is:—"0 world, I leave thee; far I go," by Dr. G. Walker, 1860, p. 161. Another form of the hymn is that with the same first line given in Heinrich Knaust's GassenJuiwer, Renter und Berpliedlin christlich, moraliter unnd sittlich verendert, Frankfurt-ani-Main, 1571, where it is in 3 stanzas, signed "D. H. K." (i.e. Dr. Heinrich Knaust), and entitled, "Issbruck ich muss dich lassen christianly and morally altered." Thence in Wackernagel, iv. p. 781. The only translation of this form is, "O world, I must forsake thee," by Miss Winkworth, 1869, p. 91. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] -- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology

Ludwig Helmbold

1532 - 1598 Hymnal Number: 345 Author of "Von Gott will ich nicht lassen" in Evangelisches Gesangbuch Helmbold, Ludwig, son of Stephan Helmbold, woollen manufacturer at Muhlhausen, in Thuringia, was born at Mühlhausen, Jan. 13, 1532, and educated at Leipzig and Erfurt (B.A. in 1550). After two years' headmastership of the St. Mary's School at Mühlhausen, he returned to Erfurt, and remained in the University (M.A. 1554) as lecturer till his appointment in 1561 as conrector of the St. Augustine Gymnasium at Erfurt. When the University was reconstituted in 1565, after the dreadful pestilence in 1563-64, he was appointed dean of the Philosophical Faculty, and in 1566 had the honour of being crowned as a poet by the Emperor Maximilian II., but on account of his determined Protestantism he had to resign in 1570. Returning to Mühlhausen, he was appointed, in 1571, diaconus of the St. Mary's Church, and 1586, pastor of St. Blasius's Church and Superintendent of Mühlhausen. He died at Mühlhausen, April 8, 1598. (Koch, ii. 234-248; Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie xi. 701-702; Bode, pp. 87-88, &c.) Helmbold wrote many Latin hymns and odes, and numerous German hymns for school use, including a complete metrical version of the Augsburg Confession. His Hymns for church use are mostly clear and concise paraphrases of Scripture histories and doctrines, simple and earnest in style. Lists of the works in which his hymns appeared (to the number of some 400) are given by Koch and Bode. His hymns translated into English are:— i. Herr Gott, erhalt uns für und für. Children. On the value of catechetical instruction as conveyed in Luther's Catechism for Children. First published in Helmbold's Dreyssig geistliche Lieder auff die Fest durchs Jahr. Mühlhausen, 1594 (preface to tenor, March 21, 1585), and thence in Wackernagel, iv. p. 677, and Mützell, No. 314, in 4 stanzas of 4 lines in Porst's Gesang-Buch, ed. 1855, No. 977. The only translation in common use is:— O God, may we e'er pure retain, in full, by Dr. M. Loy, in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal 1880. ii. Nun lasst uns Gott dem Herren. Grace after Meat. Included in his Geistliche Lieder, 1575, in 8 stanzas of 4 lines, and thence in Wackernagel, iv. p. 647, and the Unverfälschter Liedersegen, 1851, No. 500. The translations are: (1) To God the Lord be rendered," as No. 326 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754. (2) "Now let us praise with fervour," in the Supplement to German Psalmody, ed. 1765, p. 75. (3) "To God the Lord be praises," as No. 778 in the Moravian Hymn Book 1789 (1849, No. 1153). iii. Von Gott will ich nicht lassen. Trust in God. Lauxmann in Koch, viii. 365-370, thus relates the origin of this the best known hymn by Helmbold:— In 1563, while Helmbold was conrector of the Gymnasium at Erfurt, a pestilence broke out, during which about 4000 of the inhabitants died. As all who could fled from the place, Dr. Pancratius Helbich, Rector of the University (with whom Helmbold bad formed a special friendship, and whose wife was godmother of his eldest daughter), was about to do so, leaving behind him Helmbold and his family. Gloomy forebodings filled the hearts of the parting mothers. To console them and nerve them for parting Helmbold composed this hymn on Psalm lxxiii. v. 23. The hymn seems to have been first printed as a broadsheet in 1563-64, and dedicated to Regine, wife of Dr. Helbich, and then in the Hundert Christenliche Haussgesang, Nürnberg, 1569, in 9 stanzas of 8 lines Wackernagel, iv. pp. 630-33, gives both these forms and a third in 7 stanzas from a MS.[manuscript] at Dresden. Included in most subsequent hymnbooks, e.g. as No. 640 in the Unverfälschter Liedersegen, 1851. The translations in common use are:— 1. From God the Lord my Saviour, by J. C. Jacobi, in his Psalmodia Germanica, 1722, p. 139, omitting st. vii. (1732, p. 134), repeated slightly altered (and with st. vi., lines 1-4 from vii., lines 1-4 of the German) as No. 320 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754. Stanzas i.-iii., v., rewritten and beginning "From God, my Lord and Saviour," were included in the American Lutheran General Synod's Collection, 1850-52, No. 341. 2. Ne'er be my God forsaken. A good translation of stanzas i., ii., iv., by A. T. Russell in his Psalms & Hymns, 1851, No. 229. 3. From God shall nought divide me. A good translation, omitting st. ii., vii. by Miss Winkworth in her Chorale Book for England, 1863, No. 140. Partly rewritten in her Christian Singers, 1869, p. 154. Other translations are: (l)"God to my soul benighted," by Dr. H. Mills, 1845 (1856, p. 179). (2) "From God I will not sever," by Dr. N. L. Frothingham, 1870, p. 202. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Philip Schaff

1819 - 1893 Hymnal Number: 393 Author of "Wir schwören heut auf's neue" in Evangelisches Gesangbuch Schaff, Philip, D.D., LL.D., was born at Chur, Switzerland, Jan. 1, 1819. He studied at the Universities of Tübingen, Halle, and Berlin. In 1843 he was appointed a Professor in the German Reformed Theological Seminary at Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., and in 1870 Professor of Sacred Literature in the Union Seminary, New York. As translator, author, and editor, Dr. Schaff holds high rank, both in Great Britain and America. The various Histories and Encyclopedias which he has edited are standard works. His knowledge of hymnology is extensive, and embraces hymns in many languages and of all ages, his speciality being German hymnody. The hymnological works which he has edited alone, or jointly with others, are:— (1) Deutsches Gesangbuch, 1860; (2) Christ in Song, a most valuable collection of original English and American hymns, and translated hymns, N.Y. 1869, London, 1870; (3) Hymns and Songs of Praise for Public and Social Worship, 1874, in which he was assisted by Boswell D. Hitchcock, and Zachary Eddy; (4) Library of Religious Poetry, 1881, of which A. Gilman was joint editor. Dr. Schaff has not composed any original hymns. His translations from the Latin are meritorious. He died Oct. 20, 1893. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Johann Eusebius Schmidt

1670 - 1745 Hymnal Number: 164 Author of "Fahre fort, fahre fort" in Evangelisches Gesangbuch Schmidt, Johann Eusebius, son of Johann Jakob Schmidt, pastor at Hohenfelden, near Erfurt, was born at Hohenfelden, Jan. 12, 1670. He matriculated at the University of Jena in the autumn of 1688, and in 1691 went to Erfurt to attend lectures by Breithaupt and Francke. Part of 1692 he spent in travelling in North Germany, and during the years 1693-96 he was mostly employed in private tuition at Gotha. On the 12th Sunday after Trinity, 1697, he began work at Siebleben, near Gotha, as substitute (curate in charge), and on the 4th Sunday in Advent, 1698, as pastor there. He died at Siebleben, Dec. 25, 1745, with the character of "An edifying teacher in his parish, a good example to his flock, and a methodical man in his office." (G. G. Brückner's Kirchen und Schulenstaat, vol. iii. pt. iv. p. 59, Gotha, 1761, &c). Schmidt's hymns were contributed to Freylinghausen's Geistreiches Gesang-Buch, 1704, and Neues Geistreiches Gesang-Buch, 1714. In the latter Freylinghausen prints as a supplement (Zugabe) 17 so-called "Psalms for Festivals," being compositions in Ode or Psalm form and unrhymed, remarking in his preface that the author of these (i.e. Schmidt), had written similar compositions for all the Sundays in the year. Of his hymns in rhyme (4, 1st pub. 1704; 21, 1st pub. 1714), some have attained considerable popularity, being of moderate length, good in style, thoughtful and interesting. Of Schmidt's hymns those which have passed into English are:— i. Es ist vollbracht: vergissja nicht. Passiontide. This hymn on “It is finished," first appeared in 1714 as above, No. 72, in 5 stanzas of 5 lines. Included as No. 96 in the Unverf älschter Liedersegen, 1851. The translations in common use are:— 1. All is fulfill'd--my heart, record. By A. T. Russell, omitting st. iv., vi., as No. 100 in his Psalms & Hymns, 1851. 2. 'Tis finished : 0 glorious word. A full but rather free translation by Dr. Kennedy, in his Hymnologia Christiana, 1863, repeated, omitting st. ii., vi., in Reid's Praise Book, 1872. ii. Erhebe den Herren, der Alles in Allen. Thanksgiving. First published 1714 as above, No. 560, in 4 st. of 8 1. Included in Knapp's Evangelischer Lieder-Schatz, 1837 and 1865. Translated as, "The praises of him who is Grace's Dispenser." This is No. 550 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book, 1751. iii. Fahre fort, fahre fort. Faithfulness. Founded on Christ's Messages to the Seven Churches in Asia. First published 1704 as above, No. 667, in 7 stanzas of 7 lines. In the Unverfälschter Liedersegen. 1851, No. 223. The translations are:— (1) "Hasten on, hasten on," by Miss Burlingham, In the British Herald, Sept. 1865, p. 143, and Reid's Praise Book, 1872. (2) "Hold thy course," by E. Massie, 1867, p. 31. (3) "Onward go, onward go," by N. L. Frothingham, 1870, p. 238. iv. Gekreuzigter! mein Herze sucht. Passiontide. First published 1714 as above, No. 73, in 6 st. of 6 1. In Burg's Gesang-Buch, Breslau, 1746, No. 483. The translations are:— (l) "Christ crucify'd! my Soul by Faith Desires," in the Supp. to German Psalmody, ed. 1765, p. 23. (2) "Christ crucify'd, my soul by faith, With," as No. 424, based on the earlier tr., in the Moravian Hymn Book, 1789 (1886, No. 959). v. 0 Jesu der du dich. Easter. First published 1704 as above, No. 651, in 5 st. of 61., repeated in the Herrnhut Gesang-Buch 1735, No. 123. Translated as "0 Jesu, who now free," as No. 552 in pt. i. of the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] -- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Johann Adam Lehmus

1707 - 1788 Hymnal Number: 453 Author of "Wo der Herr das Haus nicht bauet" in Evangelisches Gesangbuch

Johann Scheffler

1624 - 1677 Hymnal Number: 14 Author of "Gott Vater, der du allen Dingen" in Evangelisches Gesangbuch Used Angelus Silesius as a pen name. See also Angelus Silesius, 1624-1677